Buying Cycle

The Buying Cycle alludes to the key occasions and the procedures wherein the design purchaser is engaged with request toâ buy an article of clothing range for a retail or a mail request organization. ? The length of the purchasing cycle shifts from organization to organization. It for the most part takes a year between exploring the momentum season’s deal and conveying the item into stores. Style Industry customarily parts the year into two fundamental seasons; * Spring/Summer-February-July Autumn * Winter-August  ± JanuaryThe serious and continually changing design business requires a progressively visit presentation of product, bringing about most stores presenting new ranges ordinarily in the middle of these two primary seasons. The event and the names of sub-seasons shift from organization to organization. Sub-Seasons Seasons| Approximate Durations (with Overlaps)| Spring Transition| mid Jan †Feb end| 6 weeks| Spring| Feb ask †Mar end| 8 weeks| Spring Promo| A pr ask †mid Apr| 2 weeks| Summer 1| mid Apr †May end| 6 weeks| Summer 2| mid May †mid July| 8 weeks|Summer Sale| mid July †Aug beg| 2 weeks| Autumn Transition| mid July †Aug end| 6 weeks| Autumn| Aug ask †Sept end| 8 weeks| Winter 1| Oct ask †mid Nov| 6 weeks| Winter Festive/Holiday| mid Oct †mid Nov| 3 weeks| Winter 2| mid Nov †Jan beg| 6 weeks| Winter Sale| Jan ask †mid Jan| 2 weeks| PHASES †Various reaches presented inside the season. TRANSITIONALS †Ranges which overcome any issues between one season and the following season. The Buying Cycle Review of ebb and flow Season’s deals Budget Planning Comparative Shopping Directional Shopping Sourcing for item developmentRange arranging Garment tests sourcing for go Pre Selection of piece of clothing tests Price arrangement with providers Final Range Selection Placing orders for ranges Pre creation examining and endorsements Bulk article of clothing fabricating Delivery of items to the retailer Purchase by client Review of ebb and flow season’s deals *In the ebb and flow situation purchaser works at the same time for three seasons with testing outstanding task at hand. Purchaser handles three purchasing cycles which covers one after another †Review of deals of on going season, Range getting ready for the ext season and Pre creation endorsements for the coming seasons. Audit of ebb and flow Season’s deals This survey regularly appears as introductions to the purchasing group and the plan office group if the organization has one with tests of articles of clothing from the range which was in stores last season and broke down. QC division may add to the gathering by remarking on any specialized issues which may clarify low marketing projection, for example shading or fit underway varying from the list photo of the garment.After deals audit meeting, Buyer is furnished with the information on which styles the client as of now differen t preferences and a system of victories to expand upon for the new season. So a harsh thought of another range plan can begin to be penciled in.? This entire exercise is further gets the kind of momentum patterns, PESTEL impact and influenced by Next season’s anticipating. They may likewise be gained from different buyer’s marketing projections, so if another texture or shading has been trialed in another item, the purchaser can choose whether or not to run it as well. Spending PlanningMerchandisers typically plan financial plans related to purchaser. The structure of the financial plan depends to a great extent on the last season’s execution as talked about at the range audit. Relative Shopping * Often alluded as comp. shop. * Under taken toward the start of each season and proceeds with once a month visit. * Buyers and Designers are included. * Starts with the seeing current product in the stores of contenders which sell tantamount reaches. * Report will be cr eated with not many representations and data network. * Analysis of missing significant patterns in own range. Directional Shopping Term utilized for excursions to pick up motivation for structure ideas. * Trips rely on the buyer’s item go and travel spending plan. * Buyer may visit originator RTW reaches to mass market ranges. * Makes note on key shapes, subtleties, hues and texture for reference. * Buyers typically have spending plan to purchase tests which are alluded as purchased tests. * Designers may impart obligation of directional shopping to purchasers. Sourcing for item improvement Garment tests are purchased from various stores as during directional shopping which look like the item scope of the purchaser or some new trend.Range Planning It is where purchasers characterize the detail of the range that will be offered to the client as far as styling, texture, structure, providers and costs. Pre Selection Time after the Range arranging stage at the Buyer’s end can be in type of the Line audit/Range survey meeting.? Pieces of clothing tests including on the Range plan are introduced. Members are the Design, Marketing, Merchandising and QC groups. Range is looked into opposite: * Styling, Colors, Price and Delivery. * Sourcing methodology with respect to item and Supplier base. Period after Line/Range reviewFinalization of the Styles , providers, costs for the Final Range.? Includes: * Informing providers with respect to the styles which have been remembered for the last Range. * Change in styles assuming any. * Price re-exchanges. * Order Delivery dates re-arrangements. * Styles dropped. * Request for extra examples whenever required for the last range audit meeting by the purchaser. Last Order Placement After the Final Range Selection meeting, orders are put with the providers in type of sending Purchase orders/Purchase sheets for every individual things chose to be on the range.These might be produced by the Merchandising office or by a different Purchase division. Basic way/Time and Action Calendar for the purchaser The key exercises and the timetables related with them, for forms like item advancement and creation of any thing structures the basic way or the Time and Action schedule. By prudence of the T&A the different exercises associated with the Product advancement/Production forms and the party in question is fixed.

Aristotles concept of justice Essay Example for Free

Aristotle’s idea of equity Essay In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle examines the idea of equity in Book V. Equity is utilized with its various implications. In any case, so as to clarify the explanation that equity must be found in the laws built up by the state I might want to bring up the last two sorts of equity and the idea of value Aristotle alludes to in his book. The first is regular equity, valid for everybody, and close to that there is customary equity which can contrast in various social orders and there is the idea of value that works in bizarre cases. With understanding these three ideas we can reach to the resolution that as indicated by Aristotle equity can not exclusively be found in the laws set up by the state and he is directly in guaranteeing such a thought. Any individual who is a righteous individual can likewise be simply. Be that as it may, not every person who is simply is additionally prudent. OK consider somebody who executes the killer of his better half a killer? OK put him in a similar situation as Jack the Ripper? Do you think equity is secured by the law? Is it just to batter adulteresses to the point of death regardless of whether it consents to the law? Which law is simply and which isn't? What are the standards? Are the laws of the state enough to keep up justice?Such questions can be helped up to thousands in the event that one begins to consider equity, itsconnotations and the connection among equity and law. The discussion is a dependable one. In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle examines the idea of equity in Book V. Equity is utilized with its a wide range of meanings. There is specific equity, distributive equity, corresponding equity, political and social equity, household equity, common and regular equity. I might want to call attention to the last two kinds of equity so as to comprehend Aristotle’s thought of law and equity connection in a state. As indicated by Aristotle, there is normal equity, valid for everybody, and close to that there is customary equity which can contrast in various social orders. Characteristic equity is the sort of equity that can be applied to each individual paying little mind to country, race, religion, and so on. It has a similar legitimacy all over the place and don't rely upon acknowledgment. Aristotle contends that â€Å"the things which are ordinarily as well as by human order are not wherever the equivalent, since constitutions are not the equivalent, however there isâ by one which is wherever commonly the best† (124). Appropriately, the ordinary equity is set by the general public and sometimes by the leaders of the general public. Notwithstanding, Aristotle recommends that, for the laws built up by the express, a law can be simply whether it is for the benefit of the legislators or the rulers or the prevailing class. In The Nichomachean Ethics, he says that â€Å"the laws†¦on all subjects focus on the basic bit of leeway both of all or of the best or of the individuals who hold power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (108). He includes that each sort of traditional equity is made in one manner from the characteristic equity and it is ordinary that they may vary starting with one society then onto the next. For example it is by the law to drive on a specific side in Turkey and in Britain individuals drive on the opposite roadside. The two laws are made to keep up equity and request. Anyway there are laws which are made by the state, for example, the law that ladies need to wear cloak which appears to us as well as what is imperative to Aristotle isn't what we think yet how that society with that specific law is influenced. For whatever length of time that the law works for the general public, paying little heed to its rightness, it looks after equity. Let’s give a model, at the hours of Roman Empire the warriors battle with one another or with lions, they realize that they are going to kick the bucket at the field however they don't show any dread, they battle with their distinctions and they bite the dust with a respectable demise. Referencing that laws are made to be utilitarian, to balance out and control the general public, Aristotle discusses the â€Å"equitable justice† in which he focuses on that there are cases wherein the all inclusive law or equity sometimes falls short for to the case close by. He recommends that laws manage individuals toward equity yet they don't envelop all the cases about equity or unfairness. In such conditions he recommends that the appointed authority meddles and rectifies â€Å"the law where it is faulty attributable to its universality† (133). Value implies the adjustment of the law when it is unreasonably conceptual for the circumstance close by. Aristotle here proposes that the appointed authority or the lawmaker should discover the parity and give the correct choice in such circumstances. Thinking about these thoughts, as indicated by Aristotle, the laws ofâ the state are sufficient to keep up equity for their kin just partly on the grounds that at times the dynamic authority isn't the law yet the appointed authority. I think Aristotle is directly in making such a case in light of numerous reasons. Most importantly, if the customary laws are the augmentations of regular laws and the common laws are widespread and don't change in any circumstance yet there are conditions in which the characteristic law is tooabstract for the case and the adjudicator and the lawmaker is the person who is to adjust the law to the case, we can not say that either the normal laws or the ordinary laws (the laws built up by the state) keeps up the equity. Moreover, if there arecases in which the law doesn't work, we can not say that the laws set up by the state keep up the equity consistently except if we consider the to be contention as a speculation. Anyway it is likewise impractical to know the characteristics of the appointed authority whether he is one-sided toward the case that he offsets with the law. As needs be there might be a few cases wherein equity may not be kept up in light of the starting point (in Aristotle’s words â€Å"universality†) of the law doesn't cover the case or on account of the judge’s individual characteristics. Thus if the ordinary laws are the expansions of characteristic laws and the normal laws are widespread and don't change in any circumstance yet at the same time there are conditions where the common law is unreasonably theoretical for the case and the appointed authority and the official is the person who is to adjust the law to the case, we can not say that either the regular laws or the traditional laws (the laws built up by the state) keeps up the equity. Aristotle’s idea of equity. (2016, Jul 25).

Overcoming Social Stigma for Anxiety

Overcoming Social Stigma for Anxiety GAD Coping Print Overcoming Stigma for Generalized Anxiety Disorder By William Meek Updated on July 01, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Hero Images / DigitalVision / Getty Images Overcoming stigma for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the biggest barriers to people seeking help. Its what  mental health professionals call “social stigma.” Essentially, social stigma is the negative view that others can project onto people who reveal particular imperfections or problems. What Is Generalized Anxiety Disorder? Many people feel anxious from time to time, especially during times of stress. However, when you worry excessively, so much so that it interferes with day-to-day activities, you might have GAD. Some people develop GAD as a child while others do not see symptoms until they are an adult. Either way, living with GAD can last a long time. In many cases, it occurs along with other anxiety or mood disorders. In most cases, it improves with medications or talk therapy (psychotherapy). Making lifestyle changes, learning coping skills and using relaxation techniques also can help. Symptoms GAD symptoms can include: Persistent worrying or obsession about small or large concerns that are out of proportion to the impact of the eventInability to set aside or let go of a worryInability to relax, restlessness, and feeling keyed up or on edgeDifficulty concentrating, or the feeling that your mind goes blankWorrying about excessively worryingDistress about making decisions for fear of making the wrong decisionCarrying every option in a situation all the way out to its possible negative conclusionDifficulty handling uncertainty or indecisiveness Physical signs and symptoms may include: FatigueIrritabilityMuscle tension or muscle achesTrembling, feeling twitchyBeing easily startledTrouble sleepingSweatingNausea, diarrhea or irritable bowel syndromeHeadaches Overcoming Stigma One of the largest factors that  makes stigma so powerful is that at an extreme level, it can lead people to reject or exclude others. It is common for someone with GAD or other psychological problems to think that if they reveal struggles to friends or seek professional help that they will suffer serious social or professional problems. Therefore, the threat of this actually happening in the social world can become a tremendous barrier. Fortunately, social exclusion is much more often the exception rather than the rule. Since being “crazy” or “insane” carries a significant stigma in American culture (think about how often that is used to insult someone), any possibility that one could be misunderstood and seen as crazy is significantly threatening. It is common for someone to worry that others will see them as crazy, but also that getting a diagnosis for GAD actually means that they are, which is absolutely false. Stigma is real and can certainly have an impact in some cases. However, for the overwhelming majority of people that I have worked with, stigma does not directly affect them. When they disclose their problems to close friends or family members, they often feel a dramatic enhancement of their relationships, not the exclusion or rejection that they fear. Furthermore, most people do not have increased social or work problems after they begin to own their struggles with anxiety. Once you become educated about stigma and your potential problems with anxiety and worry, you can make an active choice to do something to improve your life. Sometimes doing things like this poses the risk of some negative consequences. But often the benefits of improvement vastly outweigh the difficulties that come with acknowledging that you may have GAD. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Velvet Ant Facts

Velvet ants are part of class Insecta and are found worldwide. They get their name from the bright, fuzzy fur on their bodies. For example, Dasymutilla occidentalis (red velvet ant) is derived from the Greek root word meaning shaggy (dasy). Fast Facts: Velvet Ants Scientific Name: MutillidaeCommon Names: Velvet AntOrder: HymenopteraBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateDistinguishing Characteristics: Black or brown bodies with bright red or orange velvety hairSize: 0.25-0.8 inchesDiet: Bumblebee larvae, nectarHabitat: Desert, meadows, fields, forest edgesConservation Status: Not assessedFun Fact: Red velvet ants are often called cow killers because their stings were said to be powerful enough to kill a cow. Description Velvet ants are wasps that get their name from the velvety fur on their bodies and are not very aggressive. Females do not have wings and walk along the ground for food, while the males have transparent wings and look more like wasps. Females possess curved stingers that extend from the abdomen and can sting multiple times. In some species, such as cow killer ants, their stingers have venom. Although the venom is not particularly toxic, the sting will hurt. Males do not have stingers, but they do have pointed pseudo stingers. Additionally, velvet ants have hard exoskeletons, and their bodies consist of a thorax and abdomen, both of which have short hairs. These ants are between 0.25 and 0.8 inches in size, and they have six legs and antenna. Habitat and Distribution Velvet ants are found worldwide. Some, like the red velvet ant, are mainly found throughout the U.S., but especially in dry regions. They gravitate towards open areas like fields, meadows, and even lawns. However, because velvet ants are parasitic, they will appear wherever their host species, such as bumblebees and wasps, live. Diet and Behavior Velvet Ant searching for prey. Â  rkhphoto/iStock/Getty Images Adult velvet ants consume nectar and water from flowers like milkweed. They may also consume larvae and adult insects, such as flies and beetles. Young velvet ants eat the body of their host as well as its larvae or cocoons. Females are most often found scurrying along the ground looking for nests of host species, while males are found on flowers. Velvet ants are relatively solitary creatures and are most active at dusk/night. These wasps are not normally aggressive and will not sting unless aggravated. Males and females can make squeaking sounds by rubbing abdominal segments against each other as a warning sign or when trapped. As parasites, they attack bumblebee nests, other kinds of wasp nests, and even fly and beetle nests to implant their eggs into them. While females spend most of their time searching for any sign of nests, males are usually spotted flying above the ground in search of a mate. Reproduction and Offspring Males fly close to the ground in search of potential mates and try to detect pheromones the females secrete. After mating, and to ensure the survival of her offspring, females search for and infiltrate ground nests of bumblebees and wasps to lay their eggs. Once a suitable host is located, the female lays her one to two eggs in the hosts larvae. She chooses larvae that have completed feeding and are ready for pupation by cutting through the cocoon and laying her eggs inside. The young will then grow and emerge from the host. The young eat their host, spend the winter in cocoons they spin within the case of the host, and emerge as adults in late spring. From the time they hatch, these young are on their own. One generation of velvet ants per female is likely produced each year. Species Velvet Ant. Â  fitopardo.com/Moment/Getty Images Insects in the family Mutillidae are considered velvet ants due to the similar salient features of the females—wingless and with velvety fur. About 8,000 species have been reported worldwide in the family Mutillidae, with 435 species located in the southern and western parts of North America. The most common species in this family is Dasymutilla occidentalis, which is known as the cow killer. Depending on the location, different species will have different sizes of males and females. In most species, the males are typically larger than the females, but six species found in Florida have similar sizes between males and females. Conservation Status Velvet ants have not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and are not considered pests because they rarely invade homes. Sources Cow Killer (Dasymutilla Occidentalis). Insect Identification, 2019, https://www.insectidentification.org/insect-description.asp?identificationCow-Killer.Cowkiller Velvet Ant. Aquarium Of The Pacific, 2019, http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/cowkiller_velvet_ant.Mutillidae - Velvet Ants. Featured Creatures, 2019, https://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/wasps/mutillidae.htm. Velvet Ant | Insect. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/animal/velvet-ant.Velvet Ants. Insects In The City, 2019, https://citybugs.tamu.edu/factsheets/biting-stinging/wasps/ent-3004/.Velvet Ants, A.K.A Cow Killers Ants. Pestworld.Org, 2019, https://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/stinging-insects/velvet-ants-cow-killers/.

Tragic Deaths During Witch Trials - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 676 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/21 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? Although many accused were hanged some faced something worse. during the time of the witch trials, if someone was accused and didnt confess or take the attention off of them they were hanged on gallows hill where everyone watched. Those who faced other ways of death werent so lucky as to have an almost sudden death like appeal. One of the most rememberable tragic deaths was a 71-year-old named Giles Corey, but there were many others who didnt see the best death possible. Giles Corey, Lydia Dustin, Ann Foster, Sarah Osborne, and Roger Toothaker, along with other unnamed people, died but the ways were nowhere near as humane as they could have been. Giles Corey born in England about 1611 was one of the six men to be executed during the Salem witch trials of 1692. When asked to say names and accuse others of witchcraft 71-year-old Giles Corey refused to plead innocent or guilty in a court appearance. This lead to his brutal punishment. The elderly Giles Corey was crushed to death by stacks of thick stone slabs, not scared of facing his death. He was sentenced to peine forte et dure even though it was an illegal punishment and ended up being torturously crushed to death on or before September 18, 1692. His famous last words were remembered by most of them being more weight. These words were uttered as a final attempt to expedite his death while also showing that not even imminent death could convince him to go to trial. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tragic Deaths During Witch Trials" essay for you Create order Although Giles suffered quite a bit others did as well. Four more of the convicted, Lydia Dustin, Ann Foster, Sarah Osborne, and Roger Toothaker, died in the unbearable conditions in the witch jails awaiting their execution dates. These people were the accused that either mainly got forgotten about or put on hold because of other trials. Not only were they just left in holding cells they were left in poor conditions with hardly any food or water. All of the jails intended to hold prisoners only temporarily were hot in summer and cold in winter. They often stank of dung and tobacco and were infested with lice. The dungeon was cold and foul smelling and kept in total darkness. Located near the north river it often flooded during high tide with water rising to the prisoners ankles. They were also victims of insulting unending examinations and excommunication from the churches. the small cells had no bedding and no bars on the cells as most prisoners accepted their punishment. For those who tried to escape if they were caught they would be immediately executed. For those who stayed and died after they were found dead they were thrown into shallow graves to live their afterlife in peace. In addition, seven others died in jail and faced the same fate. when people died inside the jail they were put into shallow graves while those who were hanged got proper burials. The society found that those who pled guilty and where hanged were still seen as children of God. They were seen as making up for their wrongdoings as a type of offering to god for peace. While those in jail were dying they went out and dug very shallow graves just big enough for them to squeeze the body into. Those who saw this fate were still seen as ungodly and were not worthy of a proper Christian burial like the rest. Even though being hanged isnt exactly a walk in the park others still face worse things. And though people dont see it as wrong because they were the accused their fate could have been changed if people around them werent so naive. Whether their death was out of dignities like Giles Corey or it was just someones unlucky day like those who died in jail the witch trials didnt have a good end ing for some. People should remember and acknowledge those who suffered and didnt have a proper Christian burial because yes they may have been witches, but they deserved a better end to their life.

Australian Paper Mfg Free Essays

string(336) " market in Australia is fairly strong because the cost for consumers to switch products is low, the products are weakly differentiated, the competitors are roughly equal in size, many import competitors exist, and there are high exit barriers due to the high fixed costs and capital investments required to enter the fine paper market\." The fourth option Is one that focuses on diminishing the environmental impact of Amp’s operations. While the fourth option has merit in alleviating environmental concerns, it does not have a costive financial impact on Amp’s operations. AMP created four distinct products that serve the specific needs of four consumer segments. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Paper Mfg or any similar topic only for you Order Now These segments include offset printing, copy paper, taprooms, and recycled paper. The respective segments all offer different contribution margins to Amp’s operations and vary greatly in their respective growth in demand over the next six years. The key operational decision is one that affords AMP the flexibility to use additional capacity to meet the growing demands of the most profitable sub-segments of the uncoated fine paper market. Conclusion AMP should choose the option outlined by the group general manager that affords the most flexibility to meet the growing demand in the uncoated fine paper market. That being considered, AMP must also meet the predetermined returns required by its parent corporation, Amoco. These targets are required for the release of capital to AMP, and while Amoco has set minimum return thresholds, AMP should strive to create the largest return on investment to its parent company. Option 1, described in the Appendix, satisfies this obligation to Amoco and allows AMP the most flexibility In using Increased capacity. This option also allows AMP to return considerable cash flow over the five year period without overextending Its operations beyond the market demand. Identification Key operations generalness They key operations challenge for AMP is the need to adapt its operations strategy in order to expand its capacity and meet the growing demand in the uncoated fine paper market. AMP is currently at its maximum throughput capacity and must invest considerable capital to expand its operations. The company is contemplating several different courses, each with valid business context, and must ecocide which option allows AMP to best meet the growing demand while maintaining and developing further competitive advantages. Operations Strategy Amp’s operations strategy focuses on superior customer service and quality compared to its competitors in the fine paper industry. AMP made the decision to enter the uncoated fine paper market in 1987 and used its experience in paperboard manufacturing to Jump start this expansion. As the success of Amp’s fine paper production ramped up, the company deemphasized its dependence on the paperboard market. This business decision influenced Amp’s operational decision o invest in efficient technology that allowed it better quality and cost advantaged compared to its competitors. Furthermore, AMP opted to vertically integrate its operations to include pulping for non-recycled paper and the collection of used office paper in order to gather raw materials to compete in the recycled paper market. Customer Needs AMP competes to satisfy its customers’ needs of quality and environmental performance. The company invested considerable resources in state of the art equipment that provides superior fine paper via four distinct offerings: Printing, Darting, CopyRight, and Right. Printing was designed to satisfy the offset printing needs of businesses, Darting was designed to suit form creation, CopyRight was created for everyday copying, and Right was a recycled office paper offering targeted at the environmentally conscious customer. Each of these products met the specific quality standards of its target customers. AMP utilized superior technology that created a higher quality paper than any of its competitors. Amp’s investment in more efficient technology also paid off in satisfying the environmental considerations of its customers. The processes and equipment that AMP used rated fewer organogenesis than the old machines and processes of Paper Company of Australia (PICA), Amp’s chief competitor. Furthermore, Amp’s investment in Right scored the endorsement of the World Wildlife Fund for its respect for and positive impact on the environment. This coupled with Amp’s initiative of the â€Å"AMP Office Paper Chase† (Upton, 1993, p. 13) placed the company well ahead of its competition in terms of satisfying the environmental performance needs of its customers. Business context Tort Immediate Decision The market for uncoated fine paper was projected to grow at a rate of 6. 5% annually for the next ten years. The market for copier paper alone, a sub-segment of uncoated fine paper, was projected to grow at a rate of 10% per year for the next decade. The CEO of AMP stated â€Å"If we sit still, we’ll get hurt sometime before the year 2000. Whoever takes the next big step will have it made in Australia†¦ If PICA decides to expand†¦ What will their net increase be† (Upton, 1993, up. 15-16)? In addition to these financial considerations, AMP and the Australian paper market at large continue to face mounting pressure from environmental groups that are opposed to any further expansion of the paper industry. Environmentalists have urged paper manufacturers to â€Å"think globally, act locally’ (Upton, 1993, p. 16) and to â€Å"reduce first, reuse second, and recycle third† (p. 16). In order to either satisfy the requests of the environmentalists or to contradict their wishes, AMP must make an operational decision sooner rather than later to avoid these mounting pressures. Analysis and Evaluation of Critical Decision Factors Competitive Analysis AMP has quickly established itself as the growing force in the domestic uncoated fine paper market in Australia. Its chief competitor is Paper Company of Australia PICA). PICA dominated the Australian uncoated and coated fine paper market for many years with virtually no domestic competition. Pica’s processes and equipment are out-of-date and still rely on machinery that was manufactured in the sass. PICA also forced its customers to purchase its products through merchants, while AMP developed a direct sales approach with customers. The secondary source of competition exists among the imported paper products in the Australian market. Low tariffs allowed for international competitors to enter the market and compete with domestic paper supply. Until AMP opted to enter the uncoated fine paper market, each domestic paper manufacturer in Australia kept to its own markets. Five Forces The rivalry among competing sellers in the fine paper market in Australia is fairly strong because the cost for consumers to switch products is low, the products are weakly differentiated, the competitors are roughly equal in size, many import competitors exist, and there are high exit barriers due to the high fixed costs and capital investments required to enter the fine paper market. You read "Australian Paper Mfg" in category "Papers" The advantages that AMP and PICA benefit from include the rising demand for fine paper in the market ND domestic competition is limited to these two competitors. The threat of potential new competitors is fairly weak in the fine paper market. This is because high barriers to entry exist in the fine paper market, including high economies of scale, experienced-based cost advantages for existing firms, high capital requirements to enter the market, and restrictive environmental policies on paper contest new entrants and the existing members generally stay in their own lanes. The potential risks associated with new entrants to the market include the rapidly growing demand for fine paper and that existing industry members could make operational changes to concentrate on the growing recycled paper segment of the fine paper market. The threat from other firms offering substitute products in the Australian fine paper market is very low. Virtually no substitutes exist for paper, and at this time, the business and personal computer market is Just beginning to take shape. Supplier bargaining power in the Australian fine paper market is also very weak. This is because both AMP and PICA have vertically integrated their operations. AMP controls its own foresting, pulp mills, and paper manufacturing plants. While he foresting areas are limited, AMP has utilized a replanting strategy which creates more trees than it presently uses in its operations. Therefore, there is no need to use outside suppliers for its operations. The bargaining power of buyers is only a moderate risk to AMP and the Australian paper market. Buyers have limited power because the cost of switching products is low and the products are generally undifferentiated. However, the buyers are small and numerous relative to the sellers in the market, buyer’s information regarding sellers is limited in quantity and quality, ND buyers are generally not price sensitive in this market because paper purchases are a small part of the total purchases and cost structure of most organizations. STOW Analysts The STOW Analysis for AMP reveals the following: Strengths ; Highest quality domestic paper products ; Most efficient domestic paper-making technology with customers ; Direct relationships ; Focused products on four distinct customer segments ; Satisfy customer needs of quality and environmental performance ; Part of a larger company (Amoco) with ability to invest capital in growth ; One of only two domestic fine paper manufacturers in country strength in fine paper processes Right paper product Weaknesses ; Expertise in paperboard has translated to ; Endorsement of World Wildlife Fund for ; Relatively new to the fine paper market ; Brands/products not as well-known as heritage market brands Insufficient capacity to meet growing demand ; High expansion costs/capital required ; High fixed costs Opportunities ; AMP Office Paper Chase initiative to gather more recycled paper ; Ability to expand Ana capture greater snare AT growing Tine paper market ; Recycled paper market growing with support of environmentalists Non-chlorine bleaching process technologies available ; PICA is in the corsairs of environmental groups Threats ; Mounting pressure against expansion from environmental groups Possible legislation/litigation against manufacturing processes ; PICA may invest in new technology/opt to expand its operations ; Import competitors may create newer, higher quality, and/or low cost products to gain market share ; New competitors, domestic or international, may enter the market ; Disease that affects trees/replanting efforts Financial Analysis AMP had no presence in the uncoated fine paper market in 1986. I Long-term Uncoated Fine Paper Market in Australia (000 tones) 11986 1 I Category I Forecast I Demand I I Continuous Forms I PICA I Make Share I Imports I I Category I Demand I I Offset Printing 144 178 16 17. 7% I Copier 10 1150 166 144. 0% 1302 195 I I Recycled 131. 5% I 130 123 176. 7% I Total Amp’s contribution margin per product is drive n first by its recycled paper, then its copier paper, followed by offset printing paper and continuous forms. Copier paper comprises the largest percentage of Amp’s manufacturing, followed by offset printing, continuous forms, and recycled paper, respectively. Contribution Margin for AMP in I 11989 I Tones I Produced 117,000 | 28,000 125,000 | 7,000 I Contribution I per tone | $460 1260 1490 1610 I Total Contribution I Share 7820,oho 124. 7% 123. 0% 138. 7% 113. 5% I I Copier I I Total The group general manager of AMP outlined four potential capital projects in the case study. Each of these options and their respective costs relative to the capacity they provide are outlined in the table below. Option 1 provides the best cost per tone AAA t 01 IANAL capacity galena AMP. Upton 3 proposes no allotment capacity Tort I Evaluation of capital expenditures and options I Lipton 1 I I Machine 3 at Marble expanded from 70,000 to 100,000 tones for $MOM I Capacity may be used for expansion of any fine paper product production (installation time) 30,000 additional capacity I I Unknown: Time from i nvestment to I Additional capacity Capital required 1,166. 67 I Price per tone of I Lipton 2 I Fairfield expansion from 7,000 tones to 1 5,000 tones for $MOM I Capacity may be used for expansion of recycled paper 8,000 2,250. 00 I Lipton 3 Investment in technology to reduce organogenesis has no impact on Amp’s capacity or throughput respectively, with no return on investment I Requires $MOM and $MM I | $MOM investment would reduce throughput by 5% I Lipton 4 I I Investment to purchase/ install new paper machine with 150,000 tones capacity for $MOM I I Capacity may be used for expansion of any fine paper product I lunation: cost of new pulp mill associated with this project, return garnered from selling excess pulp capacity, I Demand for coated paper market 1 50,000 I Capital required 2,333. 33 Price per tone AT allotment capacity Alternative Recommendations Option 3 from the financial analysis has been eliminated, as it offers no additional capacity. Because additional capacity represents the largest opportunity for AMP, only capital projects that yield greater capacity should be considered at this time. The remaining three options and a combination option are presented in the table in the Appendix. Recommendation and Plan of Action It is recommended that AMP utilizes Option 1 immediately. Option 1 is the only option that provides a near-immediate increase in capacity while satisfying Amos’s requirement (Amp’s parent company) off 20% rate of return. The first option provides over $32 million in positive net present value and a 36. 1% internal rate of return over the course of the next five years. Option 1 also yields the most flexibility in satisfying the growing demand in the uncoated fine paper market. Option 2 does turn a positive net present value of $1. 8 million for AMP, but only provides a 10. 67% internal rate of return. Because the project only yields an additional 8,000 tones of capacity, it cannot satisfy the rate of return requirements of Amoco. The third option requires the largest outflow of capital and produces the highest level of capacity. However, market demand is insufficient to Justify this capital expense at this time. This is further supported by the negative net present value and negative rate of return calculations. Option 4 combines the first two options, in which case the combined capacity and capital outlay collectively satisfies the required return for Amoco. However, the net present value and the internal rate of return are lower with the combined option than the first option. Competitive Advantage If AMP acts on the recommendation to move forward with Option 1, it will gain the competitive advantage of capacity. However, even with the added capacity granted y Option 1, AMP can only expect to reach parity with the capacity of PICA. This is supported by Pica’s current output of 108,000 tones of uncoated fine paper and Amp’s current output of 77,000 tones. With neither domestic competitor in position to take full advantage of the market’s growing demand for uncoated fine paper, which will reach 305,000 tones by 1995, import competitors may gain the largest competitive advantage. ‘s principle competitive advantage In ten market Is ten quality AT Its products Because AMP has invested considerable capital into newer technology than PICA, it is n a better position to continue this domestic lead over its rival. Similarly, Amp’s investment in more efficient technology has placed it in a better position to deal with the environmental concerns associated with paper manufacturing. Conversely, Pica’s outdated technology and processes create more pollution and have caused it to become the target of environmentalist groups. Impact to Business, Customers, and Competitors If AMP is able to enact Option 1, it stands to gain over $15 million in additional cash flow per year, in addition to $32 million in positive net present value over the course of five years, and a 36. % return on its investment. This increase in capacity will also allow AMP to match the output of the market leader, PICA. The customers of the Australian paper market stand to benefit from Amp’s additional capacity in terms of quality, availability, and environmental performance. AMP uses more efficient technology to create higher quality products. The increase in capacity from AMP will allow these products to be available to more consumers. Amp’s emphasis on recycled paper manufacturing will also help to satisfy the growing demand in this segment and assuage environmental concerns about increased domestic paper manufacturing PICA will be impacted, at least short term, by the increased capacity created by AMP through the utilization of Option 1. This increased capacity will allow AMP to continue its momentum in gaining market share. However, the uncoated fine paper market is growing quickly. By 1995, even with the utilization of Option 1 by AMP, neither PICA nor AMP will have sufficient capacity to meet the market demand for uncoated fine paper. Therefore, import competition will also have a strong advantage in gaining market share. The only way to prevent the market demand increases from benefiting international competitors is for AMP, PICA, or another domestic competitor to considerably expand capacity and/or enter the uncoated fine paper market. AMP must act quickly to continue its growth in the uncoated fine paper market. The market is expanding rapidly, and with both AMP and PICA operating at full capacity the market is ripe for the company that can create it. Option 1 is the most logical operational choice for AMP that also makes good business sense. Option 1 quickly expands its current capacity by 30,000 tones per year in the most versatile ill that can use the capacity to meet any demand that arises in the market. Adding any additional options presented brings down NAP and AIR for the company. However, AMP should closely monitor the uncoated fine paper market for the next several years Ana reevaluate ten expected level AT mean IT . ten mean accelerates at a faster-than-expected pace, or once demand has reached a level in which it becomes possible for AMP to Justify the significant capital investment of a new pulp mill and large capacity machine, it should consider expanding its capacity to take advantage of this growing demand. References Upton, David. (December 13, 1993). Australian Paper Manufacturers (A). Harvard Business School. 9-691-041. How to cite Australian Paper Mfg, Papers

Toyota Facing Problems About Damaged Reputation Due To Boring Car

Question: Discuss about the An Investigation In Toyota Facing Problems About Damaged Reputation Due To Boring Car Designs. Answer: Project title The project title is An Investigation in Toyota Facing Problems about Damaged Reputation Due To Boring Car Designs. It manifests the evaluation of the issues faced by Toyota regarding car production (Seo Min-Kyo, 2011). Introduction And Company Background Toyota in last 50 years has become the largest automotive company in Australia (Toyota About The Company, 2017). In 2014 Toyota was the highest selling brand with 18.2 market shares. But recent studies have detected issues regarding boring car designs, which contribute in falling sales rate. The creative societys demands are ever changing and Toyota fails to cope with that (Dutta, 2011). This study would be investigating in relation to the issues and deliver clear understanding regarding the reasons behind it. Problem statement Toyota is renowned for luxurious cars but recently Toyota is facing issues regarding recalls of boring cars. Toyota did not feel the need to incorporate innovation as their reputation was enough to sale cars. But the present competitive market has new demands unattended by Toyota. The sales rate of Corolla, Camry are falling down and the issue is that very few researches have been conducted in this field (Haley et al. 2011). Thus, the research intends to investigate the core reason behind the problems and decreasing sales rate of Toyota. Research aim and objectives The aim of this research is to investigate and find out the main reasons behind the occurrence of such issues. On the other hand, another aim is to deliver potential and effective solutions (Liker Hoseus, 2008). Along with this, it also aims at providing a brief description about how Toyota could prevent the issue in future. Research objectives are also significant for delivering relevant information such as, To assess the contemporary market trends and demands in the automobile industry. To discuss the past success records of Toyota. To evaluate the current issues faced by Toyota and their impact upon the business. To present a current market situation of Toyota in the automobile industry in a comparative manner. To depict protective measures that could have been saved Toyota from loss (Manna et al. 2011). Methodology The methodology is the significant chapter that will includes philosophies, designs, data collection and methods of data accumulation. Here, the mix methods will be used for collecting data. Both primary and secondary data would be included in the course of research accomplishment (Mackey Gass, 2016). Here, the descriptive study would be used to deliver an in depth analysis of the data. In the case of qualitative data collection 10 managers from different designations would be asked 5 questions in a face to face interview. The quantitative questionnaire would be served and collected from the respondents (Babbie, 2016). The data gained from face to face interview would be recorded through tape recorder. In the case of qualitative data collection 10 managers from different designations would be asked 5 questions in a face to face interview. The quantitative questionnaire would be served and collected from the respondents (Babbie, 2016). The data gained from face to face interview woul d be recorded through tape recorder. For analyzing the quantitative data numerical and mathematical tools are used that includes tables, graphs, and pie charts and so on. For qualitative data the recorded responses will be transcribed into documented format (Chandra Sharma, 2014). Apart from this, the secondary data includes evaluation of five scholarly empirical sources including annual reports of Toyota. The secondary data would help in understanding the past and present situation of the company. Conclusion In conclusion, it is realized that the research would be exploring the issues and its solution for succeeding course of business. References Babbie, E. (2016).The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Chandra, S., Sharma, M. (2014).Research methodology. Dutta, P. (2011). Corporate Sustainability: A Case Study on Toyota Motor Corporation.Indian Journal Of Applied Research,4(8), 105-108. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/28 Haley, G., Tan, C., Haley, U. (2011).New Asia emperors. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Liker, J., Hoseus, M. (2008).Toyota culture. New York: McGraw-Hill. Mackey, A., Gass, S. (2016).Second language research. London [u.a.]: Routledge. Manna, D., Marco, G., Khalil, B., Meier, S. (2011). Sustainable Markets: Case Study Of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.Journal Of Business Case Studies (JBCS),7(3), 63. https://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v7i3.4265 Phiri, A. (2012).The impact of customer relationship management on customer satsisfaction and customer retention in the automobile industry of Zimbabwe. Seo Min-Kyo. (2011). A Comparative Case Study on the CSR Strategies of Toyota and Hyundai Motors in Chin.International Commerce And Information Review,13(4), 149-174. https://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.13.4.201112.149 Toyota About The Company. (2017).Toyota Australia. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://www.toyota.com.au/toyota/company

buy custom Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency essay

buy custom Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency essay Vitamin D one of valuable minerals needed by the human body for proper growth has its sources to include foods like milk but not many foods contain vitamin D. Some consideration of supplements exists. Liver, beef and fish also do contain this mineral. The other source is exposure to sun light. Research has given it that 85-90% of patients are deficient of vitamin D; women are prone to this deficiency (Nancy, 2008, p 5). Reasons for this deficiency are; women becoming more of vegetarians, vitamin D usage during pregnancy for fetus growth, too much of obesity and women having phobia for sunlight. The reason as to why we can change this deficiency is that, availability of vitamin D is naturally available. Changing this deficiency prevents weight loss, reduces heart ailments, prevents breast cancer, reduces chances of c section in birth, promotes muscle growth in teen girls and to give birth to a healthy child free from cancer and rickets (Nancy, 2008, p 21). The interaction of Vitamin D in the body dwells on its regulatory ability to regulate the amount of calcium and phosphorous minerals in our body. The main role can be seen in the development of bone structure. Vitamin D is essential in the prevention and rehabilitation of rickets, a disorder arising due to deficiency of vitamin D. The disease called osteoporosis has its footage on this mineral. Administration of vitamin D is its treatment. Other kinds of body disorders which result from the deficiency of vitamin D include the following: osteomalacia (bone pains), hyperparathyroidism, and osteogenesis imperfect. All these ailments relate to the bone. Some conditions related to the heart result from deficiency of vitamin D. High blood pressure and high cholestero levels take the examples (Paul, 1998, p 28). Muscle problems, respiratory ailments, dental disorders, skin conditions, and autoimmune diseases are a borrowing from the deficiency of vitamin D. All these interactions dwell on i ts precursor hormone nature which is the building block of a steroid hormone called calcitriol. The mineral creates normal cell differentiation and proliferation, enhances insulin sensitivity and blood sugar stability. Calcium is dependant on vitamin D, and its low level gives low levels of estrogen that affects womens periods. For any kind of deficiency, a relevant prevention measure is built based on the extent of the disorder. First, there has to be some awareness of its deficiency effects. The daily diets we take need to have a relevant recommendation and should not be woefully obsolete. Adults (19-50) have to take a required amount of 200 IU, 51-70 need 400 IU, and those above 70 years need 600 IU. Those who do not get adequate interaction with sunlight have low levels of this. Recent studies have also shown that adults should even have more of vitamin D to an estimation of 2000 IU per day. The other relevant tool to this activity of prevention of vitamin D is the testing and monitoring of vitamin D levels in the body. The kind of prevention course we put in practice depends on age, nutritional ability, and geographic location. To curb this deficiency, we have to take the following steps (Diane, 2008, p 10). The most relevant of all is that one should allow herself limited and unscreened interaction with sun rays. This is appropriate in the morning and occasional in the afternoon with consumption of not more than twenty minutes for the light skin and forty for those who are dark skinned. The condition for sun bathing is well applicable for an altitude of 35-40 altitude, so we need to consider our place of residential. Eating habits should also be considered in the sense that we need to take diets rich in whole foods. Fish, egg yolk, fortified milk and other daily products should be included in the diets we take. Since the availability of vitamin D is still a puzzle, all the other cofactors that go with it need to be included in the meals (Paul, 1998, p 100). Depending on the levels of deficiency, we need to do some intake of high quality multivitamin on a daily basis so as to cover some nutritional deficit. Mostly, this is done especially to the patients who cannot get in control of their diets. Taking vitamin supplements is another measure at a rate f 1000-2000 IU daily depending on the results from the tests done. The administration of these supplements currently exists worldwide and is referred to as vitamin D2. The supplements are ready for use by the human body. A regular medical check up with a health care should be done on vitamin D levels. An optimum and healthy value should be of about 50-70 ng/ml of vitamin D levels and carried out by a professional doctor. The provision of this health care should give advice on addition of supplements on our diets. This is put into practice basing that the victim does not get into exposure to sunlight or in cases of winter. These measures are critical to women of varied ages and more so those above 50 years. Finally, monitor your habits (Nancy, 2008). Vitamin D is not the only consideration for decent health, there are some other parameters to be supported and all need attention. Buy custom Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency essay

4 Medical Careers on a Major Upswing

4 Medical Careers on a Major Upswing embarking on a new career path can be nerve-wracking when you want that perfect combination–a job that both excites you and promises stability for years to come. health care jobs fit this high standard to a t. not only will you be part of a rapidly evolving care industry, but you also can rest assured that positions will continue to be in high demand. here are four health care jobs on a major upswing–the bureau of labor statistics projects about a 25% growth in these positions in the next year alone. and the best part? none of these jobs requires a college degree to get started–only a certificate from an accreditation program.1. dental assistantdental assistants work closely with patients all day and play a major role in making sure an office runs smoothly. they are often the information center for patients, explaining and prepping for procedures and maintaining medical records.2. medical assistanta medical assistant’s role vary depending on the specific o ffice, but responsibilities can cover everything from administrative work (coding, handing insurance information) to preparing patients for procedures and basic lab tests.3. administrative health specialistthis is an administrative position you might consider if you’re not as interesting in working hands-on with patients. specialists work in all corners of the industry to coordinate health care services.4. practical  nursingin contrast, licensed practical nurses (lpns) spend their days working directly with people in need. under the supervision of doctors and registered nurses, they provide medical and emotional support to patients all day.whether you’re looking to start your professional life or are on the hunt for a career change, the health care industry is filled with jobs that (no matter what happens to the economy around you) will continue to flourish.

Service Learning Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Learning Journal - Essay Example I hoped learn how the elderly folk felt about the situation, how they managed to cope with different people and form new relationships so late in their lives. When I arrived on the first day, I had to go to the administration offices, and they had a vet check out my dog. The dog was healthy, I strolled over to the park/park where many of the senior citizens were resting under shady trees and some playing chess. I had not been in the park for more than 3 minutes when three elderly women beckoned me with charming smiles. One of them was on a wheelchair, and I helped her put the dog on her lap, she seemed immensely pleased and brushed it coat contentedly with a wistful look. She told me that she liked pets because they never judge, besides, her pets did look down on her because of her disability like people used to do before she came here. From this, I surmised that, at some point people had discriminated because of her condition. The fact that she was sitting with her friends now groom ing dog and seemingly enjoying herself brought to mind the ideas of Ruth Benedict on ethical relativism. While her disability made her looked down upon among â€Å"normal† people, here among many elderly and some with worse conditions she was accepted, and no one discriminated her (Benedict 49). I spent most of the afternoon with the woman and her friends she was quite talkative and told me a great deal about her past, I observed that, despite the fact that she was by far the frailest and of the trio, she seemed to have authority, and they seemed to take every word she said very seriously. This juxtaposed her story about being neglected and ignored by her family, she said that her life was much easier here than at home, and nurses and orderlies were exceptionally kind and ensured she took her medication. In my opinion, it embodied action oriented ethics since the nurses were ensuring they give her and the rest of the patients in need of drugs get them since not doing the same would result to absconding their moral and official duty hence(Taylor). The next day I did not go to the park, but walked to the cafeteria with my dog, I sat with two elderly men, but unlike my friends of the previous day, they preferred to talk to me and did not pay the dog much attention. I asked them if they would not rather stay at home and be looked after by their families, one of them told said that he asked his son to take him home because he felt he was being a burden since the young man was starting a family and had his hands full. The other was very happy about the situation and told he would rather have stayed at home, but his children had convinced him to go home and they would visit him frequently, which they rarely did. He realized it was just a ploy to get rid of him, but though it hurts him, he would rather remain with his new friends. I realized that the residents felt differently about being away from their families, and when some felt they were burdening their fa milies, others felt they had been betrayed. However, all who I met well happy living with their peers though some were nostalgic about their homes. I talked for a while with the men, and they bought me a cup of tea and taught me a few clever chess moves. I took Sally who was busy chewing at the buttons in Lewis’s shoes, I had tried to stop her, but the old man said it was quite all right and seemed to enjoy the

Discussion Question 2 Week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 2 Week 6 - Assignment Example New employees have to be retrained so as to think outside the box when making decisions. The employees have the ability to relate with people they meet outside the business hence creating a good rapport with potential customers. Empowerment of the employees creates trust in them, as they are motivated in displaying their creativity, initiative and commitment in the decision making process required to propel the achievement of the hotel’s goals (Cameron, 2010). Also by being entrusted with decision making about their own jobs, the employees invest more in the overall performance of the company. By adding challenges to their jobs and giving them a sense of ownership, the employees became motivated (Rutkowski, 2011). With this empowerment, services provided to customers are of highest standards. Services such as stocking extra towels in the guest rooms, provision of quality food, and quick delivery of the customers’ requirements is observed. With this empowerment, organizational goals were achieved, and ways of performing jobs in the boutique hotel improved (Rutkowski,

Youth Subcultures and Clubbing

Youth Subcultures and Clubbing What is So Good About Clubbing? Introduction Hyder (1995) has argued that clubbing is one of the major forms of youth consumption and experience in towns and cities across the UK. Clubbing is so popular among the young that it is now a billion pound industry which is growing all the time, and which is indulged in by both employed and unemployed alike. Many youngsters spend their time counting the hours to Friday night when they can start dancing the weekend away, with an increasing number also becoming involved with soft drug taking. This assignment will investigate the growing tendency for many young people to plan their lives around the clubbing scene. It will look at a number of studies on this to try and ascertain why young people feel the need to live their lives in this way and to attempt to find an answer to the question â€Å"What is so good about clubbing?† Youth Subcultures Traditionally, sociologists regarded youth as the transition stage between childhood and adulthood. This is the generally accepted functionalist view of youth. Youth provides a link between the transmitted values of childhood and the changing values of adulthood. Eisenstadt (1956) maintained that young people dealt with this conflict through different dress styles and value sets. This helped them to deal with the transition in distinguishing themselves from their parents and at the same time it provided them with their own standards by which they would live their lives. However, functionalists did not deal with separate groups of young people, rather they saw this process as a function of everyone making that transition. Because these problems are faced by each succeeding generation of young people it leads to the development of a distinctive youth culture (Moore, 1996). The Marxist approach however, stresses the content of youth culture and the difference in social backgrounds. Cohen (1972) undertook one of the earliest Marxist studies into what he referred to as youth subcultures. While this study was restricted to youths in East London much of what he had to say has been drawn on time and again by people working in both sociology and in cultural studies. Cohen believed that in order to truly understand youth subcultures they needed to be examined both in their immediate context and in the wider context. Lea and Young (1984) maintain that youth subcultures reflect a multiplicity of groups that are not entirely divorced from the wider society, rather they reflect what is going on at a wider level. The Macro/Micro and Clubbing What is going on in the world affects how youth subcultures develop. In contemporary Britain there is a far more individualist and hedonistic attitude than at any other time since the Second World War. This hedonism or pleasure for pleasure’s sake is reflected in the increasing number of young people whose lives revolve around clubbing. Thus Cohen was right when he said that in order to understand youth subcultures one had to examine the local (micro) context and the wider (macro) context. Increasingly clubbing is seen by many theorists as a response to and consequence of city life. Skelton and Valentine (1998) interviewed three young people who visited different clubs. The researchers found that some young people often indulged in marijuana and alcohol before visiting a club, to put them in the right mood. Ecstasy is often used in certain strands of clubbing (Saunders, 1995). The researchers found that many young people felt the need to be part of a group in a narrow context rather than a stranger in the outside world and many of them would take soft drugs in order to do this. Parker (2003) undertook a study on young people, clubbing and drug taking, in three venues in the North West of England. The first was a city centre club with a large lesbian and gay customer base, another was situated on the edge of the city and played different types of dance music, the third was originally an out of town leisure centre but now hosted different hardcore rave type events. The s tudy was interested in young people’s safety but concentrated on those youngsters who danced and used drugs. The study sought to understand ways of researching an illegal activity on a large-scale, and in semi-private settings such as night clubs. Drug taking was common and some youngsters would be clubbing all weekend. Other studies have found that the practices of clubbing involve their own norms and rules such as competence in movement and dancing (Crossley, 1995). Clubbers develop their own norms and rules as a means of resistance. Herman and Ott (2003) found that clubbing, and particularly rave clubs, were both sites and means of resistance for those young people who were feeling alienated from mainstream society. Although Brewster and Broughton (2000) have noted that while clubbing is good, a rave is an idealized form of clubbing because its proponents believe they are beginning something new. Herman and Ott (2003) found that clubbing, to some extent involved a loss of self as boundaries between individuals were fragmented or overcome and the clubbers became as one community. They also found that this communal sense was enhanced by the taking of ecstasy – a particular favourite of the rave clubs because it was not just a drug, rather it raised consciousness among those who took it. Jackson (2003) maintains that clubbing is an important social experience that deserves further explanation. As we saw earlier clubbing has its rules of movement and dance, thus clubbing is a very physical experience and this makes it an embodied experience and thus and important source of social knowledge. Clubbing is uniquely related to the city, it is part of the city at night and as Alvarez (1996) argues this is a time when the city comes alive – clubbing is an important part of that life: Night in the city is time out – time for leisure and intimacy, family and lovers, hobbies and pastimes, reading and music and television. It is also the time for excitement and celebration: theatres, movies, concerts and party–going, wining, dining, dancing and gambling. For people who hold down boring or unsatisfactory jobs, night is the time when they feel they lead their real lives (Alvarez, 1996, p.295). It is upon this understanding of the city and the night that clubbing is built. Clubbing makes young people feel alive it is therefore an integral part of their ‘real’ lives. Jackson (2003) maintains that contrary to much popular thinking, clubbing is not confined to youth and youth subcultures – rather it is part of the wider social mileu in which these things have their existence. Parker’s (2003)[1] study also suggested that this might be the case as in the initial survey research some clubbers were in their fifties which can hardly be described as young. Jackson (2003) argues that having a wider age range shows the historical aspect of clubbing and how it may have changed over time. The change from clubs as private, late night drinking establishments to places where entertainment was on the agenda and marijuana and ecstasy later became key elements of this scene, is what interested promoters in the marketability of the clubbing scene as a mainstream leisure pursuit (Jackson, 2003). Conclusion Clearly clubbing can no longer be regarded as the preserve of youth sub cultures, rather it is something that is enjoyed by a variety of groups, each of whom find something that appeals to them and is an enjoyable part of their experience. It is arguably the case that clubbing can have the effect of making a person part of an elite group. On the other hand, clubs are such that they can also provide space to individuals who are tired of the lack of this in the busy cities in which they live. Clubbing allows people to let their hair down and to indulge in alcohol, illicit soft drugs, and dancing. Clubs are a place where you can meet others or be by yourself and it is this universality of experience that makes clubbing good for a large number of people. Bibliography Alvarez, A. 1996, Night: An Exploration of Night Life, Night Language, Sleep and Dreams, London: Vintage. Brewster, B., Broughten, F. 2000. Last night a dj saved my life: the history of the disc jockey. New York: Grove Press. Cohen, P 1972 Sub-Cultural Conflict and Working Class Community Working Papers in Cultural Studies No.2 University of Birmingham Crossley, N. 1995 Body techniques, agency and intercorporeality: on Goffmans Relations in Public, Sociology 29, 1:133-49. Eisenstadt, S 1956 From Generation to Generation New York, Free Press Herman, B and Ott, B 2003 â€Å" Mixed Messages: Resistance and Reappropriation in Rave Culture† Western Journal of Communication Vol 67 2003 Hyder, K. 1995 Ecstasys deadly cocktails, Observer, 13 August: 10 Jackson, P 2003 Inside Clubbing: The Art of Being Human New York, Berg Lea, J and Young, J 1984 What is to be Done About Law and Order Harmondsworth, Penguin Moore, S 1996 Investigating Crime and Deviance London, Collins Educational Parker, H 2003 Dancing on Drugs The Sociological Review Saunders, N. 1993 E for Ecstasy, London: Neals Yard Press. 1995  Ecstasy and the Dance Culture, London: Neals Yard Press. Skelton, T and Valentine, G eds 1998 Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures London, Routledge. Footnotes [1] The survey was a means of reaching those who were aged 30 and under. Members of the younger group were then selected for interview.

Psychological Effects in Woman Sexually Abused as a Child

Psychological Effects in Woman Sexually Abused As a Child One single devastating act of sexual abuse can severely disrupt the mental health in a woman’s life. Additionally the impact can be severe enough to cause psychological damage that develops into mental illness. Most people are uneducated about psychological damage that sexual abuse, as a child can have on a woman. With gaps in my own understanding, I welcome wisdom to shed some light in a dark area. There are no predetermined feelings or responses that can be anticipated after sexual abuse. In fact, these feelings demonstrate how uncomfortable sexual abuse makes a woman feel inside. Examples of some commonly experienced feelings are; guilty, powerless, isolated, untrusting, inadequate, socially inapt, and feeling inferior to others. Of course unhealthy, emotional states progress into mental illness. Spelman, C. (1993). Suicide is the third leading cause of death in woman ages 15-24. Chemical imbalances are consequently due to the brain producing less serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical produced in the brain that makes you happy. For instance low serotonin levels cause depression to set in or worsen pre existing depression. Psychologists cluster symptoms into categories then sub divide them with related psychological disorders. Therefore, cluster B: regards personality disorders that portray dramatic, emotional, and erotic behaviors Fogarty Migon, (2008) Avoidance personality disorder is a combination of childhood sexual abuse, biological, and economic factors. Avoidance personality brings a strong desire to have relationships, but the fear of rejection prevents starting any. Women feel inferior to others and inadequate in social situations. If it is certain others like the woman, this is an exception for socializing. In addition, new activities are avoided, because they are afraid of being embarrassed. Posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) is a classic diagnosis’s of sexually abused children. It is believed that 50% of women who, have been sexually abused, as a child are affected by PTSS. Posttraumatic stress syndrome is characterized by depression, anxiety, flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and avoidance of reminders that resemble the traumatic event. The symptoms a woman experiences can vary from having one or all of them. Below is a brief description of the symptoms. * Depression is a feeling of great sadness, loss of interest in things that normally are important, isolating themselves, oversleeping, lack of sleep, loss of concentration, suicidal thoughts. Depression is a very common trait among many other psychological disorders. Of all disorders women are most likely to suffer from depression at some time in life if not chronically. * Anxiety is uneasiness in the mind. Fearing or anticipating an event that is not preventable. Anxiety can cause physical symptoms like sweating, rapid heartbeat, tightness in the chest, and tension. It is psychological in nature, but to the person experiencing the symptoms it’ feels very real. * Flashbacks are when the event replays repeatedly in the mind. Usually an event; triggers the flashback to occur. A detail from the traumatic event; such as a color can trigger a flash back. * Nightmares consist of a frightening experience while dreaming. The individual usually wakes abruptly, scared and panicked. Some nightmares can be so realistic, that one does not realize; it was a dream until they wake. Often the nightmare is a recall of a traumatic event. *Suicidal tendencies are the thoughts of themselves being better off dead. They lose the will to life and the thought, of all the pain seems like too much. It seems like the only solution to end the pain and problems. Vanderbilt, H. , (February 1992) an unknown number of sexual abuse cases go unreported. â€Å"A national study showed that 35% of children under the age of 18 have been victims of sexual abuse†. Often a child believes that telling anyone about the abuse will only make the situation worse. At this time, the child begins to suppress their uncomfortable feelings to help cope and continue to function. Vanderbilt, H. , (February 1992) Say’s the most common type of sexual abuse is incest. Meaning a close family member or relative, of the child is responsible for the immoral act. This particular type of sexual abuse usually is recurrent. Four out of five sexual abuse incidences; are committed, by a trusted friend or family member. Strangers account for less than 20% of sexual abuse cases. Cases involving strangers are lower because the child usually does not survive the incident. Ellen Bass (&) Laura Davis, (2008) say â€Å"it’s possible to be a victim of sexual abuse without knowing or remembering it. This coping mechanism completely blocks out the memory and prevents the conscience mind to remember. Even without the memory the unconscious mind responds; by sending uncomfortable feelings to the mind†. Addressing sexual abuse during childhood is most efficient, because emotional trauma can be patched and prevent problems from transitioning into a mental illness. Individuality begins to takes place during adolescence and here their identity and beliefs form. The range of problems a woman may have begins to show the disturbances during this stage. Below are symptoms commonly seen in sexually abused women. * Posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) is most common diagnosis’s from sexually abused children. It is stated that 50% of women who, have been sexually violated, as a child are affected by PTSS is characterized by depression, anxiety, flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and avoidance of reminders that resemble the traumatic event. The symptoms can include one or all of them. Some women are affected more severely and the symptoms are intensified; causing disruption in their daily life. * Depression is a feeling of great sadness, loss of interest in things that normally are important, isolating themselves, oversleeping, lack of sleep, loss of concentration, suicidal thoughts. Depression is a very common trait among many other psychological disorders. Of all disorders women are most likely to suffer from depression at some time in life if not chronically. * Anxiety is uneasiness in the mind. Fearing or anticipating an event that cannot be prevented. Anxiety can cause physical symptoms such as sweating, rapid heartbeat, tightness in the chest, and tension. It is psychological in nature, but to the person experiencing the symptoms it is very real. *Flashbacks are when the event replays repeatedly in the mind. Usually an event triggers the flashback to occur. A detail from the traumatic event such as a color can trigger a flash back. * Nightmares consist of a frightening experience while dreaming. The individual usually wakes abruptly, scared and panicked. Some nightmares can be so realistic, that one does not realize it was a dream until they wake. Often the nightmare is a recall of a traumatic event. *Suicidal tendencies are the thoughts of themselves being better off dead. They lose the will to life and the thought, of all the pain seems like too much. It seems like the only solution to end the pain and problems. There are plenty of organizations dedicate to helping people during their time of need. These organizations have fundraisers and take donations to help people that cannot afford it. Please realize that there are always options and you are not alone. No matter what your situation is there is help available. Included at the end is a list of phone numbers; of centers who are dedicated, to different needs. Healing strengthens the heart, mind, soul and while softening the heart, it has enabled many women, to move forward in life. It is clear that sexual abuse has a damaging effect that can be long lasting. Many consequences can result and it is not predictable to say what may happen. The guidance of a professional to help abuse victims begin to heal is worth it. Sometimes undesired events occur and we have no options, but to live with the results. Seeing the positive nature in our human qualities makes life tolerable and worthwhile. Keep determined and strong willed; remember nothing can prevent success that has been in the making. Wounds can leave scars and emotional wounds may seem invisible, but outward sign indicate different. Scars remind us that we have passed through a painful situation and are stronger for doing so. Life can beat you down but, one thing life cannot bring down is a strong will to survive.

Why Everyone Is Dead Mistaken About Essay Scholarship

Why Everyone Is Dead Mistaken About Essay Scholarship The Importance of Essay Scholarship Getting conscious of common essay mistakes and the way to repair them can help you produce an impressive scholarship essay. Our example essay writers also have been drawn from different academic discipline and for that reason a number of example essay can be discovered on our sites. It essays are also very original and non-plagiarized. That means you can be certain of excellent scholarship essay examples. Steer clear of rambling and make certain each topic contributes to the general essay. Enthusiasm and specific details will enable you to compose a fantastic essay. The Dirty Facts on Essay Scholarship Having us to fix any of the problems which you may face when coming up with scholarship essay topics will be recommended for you. Scholarships should not be taken lightly and after you master the art of telling your story you're set to win a growing number of money. There is a possibility you may receive a little homesick, but you will be back in your house country in virtually no time. Without knowing good essay making, your odds of going into a fantastic college are slim. The Truth About Essay Scholarship My career aim is in criminal justice so that I can put a stop to widespread criminal pursuits. Keep in mind that taking the blame for absolutely any criminal charge creates a permanent mark on your record, which will affect your life for many years to come. While all kinds of education are important, we feel that learning to be financially responsible from a youthful age is among the bases to living a joyful life. Whatever scholarship your decide to cover, they can take the financial burden off of you so that you can effecitvely study without needing to worry about how you're going to cover your book the next semester. Essay Scholarship Secrets That No One Else Knows About A great essay is one which leaves an enduring impression. Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should be able to spark the interests of your readers. There are various letter documents and essay examples that are employed in the industry of education. Winning scholarship essays examples will often be broken into several paragraphs, each being dedicated to a single subtopic. Furthermore, the writing norms and specified format is going to be taken into consideration when performing the job. Remember there are some instructions that require that you use a specific structur e or format. The general format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely count on the instructions offered to you. It's possible for you to explain why you chose your present educational path and that which you would like to do with that. Top Essay Scholarship Secrets To purchase essay online, you merely will need to fill in the application form and you'll get superior work on the desired topic. In this kind of situation you are the sole supply of information about your own personal reaction. There's nobody way to compose a winning scholarship application. So since you can see, the registration method is quite easy and understandable, so there aren't any conundrums or trick to do that correctly. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Essay Scholarship The trick to writing an excellent essay is to allow it to be interesting, and the real key to that is to write about something you're passionate about. Before you submit your application make certain you take the opportunity to proofread your essay from starting to end. Your assortment of words and the way you construct your sentences are a number of points that could influence your application. The words of your content has to be in a position to convince anyone that you understand what you're doing and you're correct. Writing a college essay can arrive in various forms and styles based on your taste. Your academic achievement is useless unless you're able to convince your essay readers it has given you transferable skills related to the job at hand. A career in the culinary arts can bring enormous opportunities and you have to be smart enough to understand how to present and sell your abilities and talents to a prospective employer or client. In some instances, you might find it challenging to compose as a result of inadequate abilities, and therefore a sample winning scholarship essays would provide the guidance you require. If you want more money to cover college, odds are yo u will be applying for several college scholarships. In case you have any doubts contact the university administration and request clarifications. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. A scholarship essay is simply a bit of the college scholarship application procedure, but it might cause students lots of stress. College scholarships for women have been in existence for quite a while and each year there are a number of new businesses and nonprofit organizations that provide money to help women receive their degree and return to school. What you plan to escape college 5. That means you can order for our high school scholarship essay examples without needing to be worried about your private info. Getting your degree demands an education. As soon as your interest in studying abroad is peaked be sure to see your study abroad office in order to know the ideal deadlines for applications and scholarships. Being invited for a scholarship application is a wonderful experience that's why you ought to make the absolute most out of it. Furthermore, you may download our free guide for more advice on how best to locate scholarships to study abroad. Essay Scholarship: th e Ultimate Convenience! You are going to be disqualified if it's discovered in any manner that any information was falsified. Therefore, you don't need to fret about your private information whenever you order with us. The other information is going to be implied. Also, make sure you concentrate on providing information which will be useful to others.

The Integrity Of America s Law Enforcement Essay

Over the past decade, the integrity of America’s law enforcement has been set into question—have the people this country entrusted its safety upon betrayed them? In each of their articles, both Heather MacDonald, an American political commentator et secular conservative, and Lt. Ed Cunanan, a police officer with twenty-five years of experience working with diverse cultural groups, elaborate on why police officers have actually been doing their duty and deserve to be treated with respect instead of seeing as renegades. In her article â€Å"Time to End the Demonizing of Police†, MacDonald claims the police have developed a bad reputation among communities because of strong opponents like Black Lives Matter and the Obama Administration focusing on spotlight media. Although MacDonald did present some reasonable arguments in her article, but her faulty reasoning and the neglect to acknowledge the possibility of bias police, weaken her stance. On the contrary, Cunanan ’s â€Å" What Most Good Cops Are Thinking Right Now†, is far superior due to the personal experience incorporated all thought out the article, his selflessness and morality surpass the previous text. MacDonald presents an adequate amount of knowledge by stating research found by â€Å"credible† foundations, but when evaluated closely, there is faulty reasoning within her arguments. Towards the middle of the article, two claims are brought out-- One, that police encounter â€Å"tens of thousands† of armed felons a year without usingShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Police Brutality1502 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is a major issue in America and has been a hot topic that is the center of controversy. There have been many efforts to stop this abuse of power. Those efforts prove to have little results that will stop it. In some cases, law enforcement officers abuse their power and go too far, but it is not always the police officer who is at fault. Man y claims have been proven false and the victim can turns out to be someone merely trying to get away with a crime. Claims can be proven accurateRead MoreIs It Necessary For Law Enforcement?1707 Words   |  7 Pagesfor law enforcement to actually have the trust of the public, or is just their approval that is needed? Clearly, riots indicate a large-scale breakdown in civil order, and can be seen as a glaring collapse of society. While this type of public unrest may not always be focused directly on police conduct, it inescapably is the job of the police to balance the right of free assembly against the reality of destruction such anger can impact. Without the approval and cooperation of the public, law enforcementRead MoreEssay United States Border Patrol1416 Words   |  6 PagesBorder Patrol The U.S. Border Patrol to me is very important to the United States of America and to me as well. Without the Border Patrol, America would be a goat standing in the middle of a wolf cage. The Border Patrol and their agents border the boundaries of America so we can be safe in our homes. People don’t realize how important any kind of law enforcement is, until the day that they need assistance comes. I don’t take our men and women who protect us Americans; it is something that not everyoneRead MorePolice Enforcement Is The Cornerstone Of A Civilized Society1246 Words   |  5 Pagespolice. Law enforcement is the cornerstone of a civilized society; without law and order, communities degrade into chaos. The police officers that serve in our communities are expected to act in the most honorable and respectful manner, all while risking their lives to serve and protect our communities. When police officers are perceived as threats, the stability of a community is brought into question. The recent shootings of Michael Brown and Brandon Tate have questioned the integrity of ourRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Must Stop Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat era of civil rights started in the 1960s, with Martin Luther King, Jr.s stirring I have a Dream speech at the historic march on Washington in August of 1963. At the same time Birmingham Police Commissioner Bull Connor used powerful fire hoses and vicious police attack dogs against nonviolent black civil rights activists. Although these years proved to be the highlight and downfall of civil rights in America, even with the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act being passedRead MoreCrime And Its Effects On The Economy1244 Words   |  5 Pagesrampant crime in major cities such as Baltimore Maryland, Oakland California, and Detroit, Michigan has reached an all time high and the rates are going up with celerity. With many cities such as Detroit that have strong financial problems and few law enforc ement officers on the street, how is it that the crime rate can be reduced. With drug rates and gang violence flooding large urban communities, it has become increasingly hard to break the cycle of crime throughout the following generations. The mediaRead MoreCriminal Justice and Leading U.S. Supreme Court Cases, Annotated Bibliography1035 Words   |  5 Pagesterms is a source reference with respect to criminal law, constitutional law, and criminal procedure. The major focus of this book includes explained mandates of over 1000 U.S. Supreme Court cases and this book details key terms and definitions. Grant, H.B. and Terry, K.J. 2008: Law Enforcement in the 21st Century. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle, River, NJ. Pearson/Prentice Hall. Law Enforcement in the 21st Century gives an extensive view of law enforcement practices at all levels and the limitations withinRead MoreLaw Enforcement : A Police Officer1596 Words   |  7 PagesLaw Enforcement Ask anyone who is interested in a career in law enforcement why they choose that career, and they will say it is to help their community and make a difference in the world. In an average day an officer patrols his given area to keep the safety of the people. For instance the the presence of a police officer in the neighborhood keeps away the criminals who break into homes while people are at work or asleep. It is hard for people to imagine what a world without law enforcementRead MoreThe Perception Of The Police Officer1287 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract One of the biggest questions we face today involves the perception of the police? What is the perception of how we look at our officials in law enforcement? Is this something that’s based on personal experiences? Is it media driven? Over the last year, we’ve had to examples in the media that pertains to this discussion. In Ferguson, MO there was the Michael Brown case involving the shooting of an unarmed man by police officer Darrin Wilson. There was the death of Eric Garner involving theRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States847 Words   |  4 Pagesanyone within its territory. However, since the terrorist attack against the United States on September 11, 2001, the protections of the constitution have since become a blurred line. Legislation such as the Patriot Act, and methods in which law enforcement conduct operations to combat terrorism have pushed the limits of the constitution. Finding the balance of working within the confines of the constitution is a const ant challenge. The growing challenge elicits the potential for legal, policy