Learning Theories Based on Behavioral Perspectives Essay

Behaviorism is a take of thought in psychology found on the assumption that learning occurs by interactions with the environment (Cherry,2011). Two other assumptions of this opening be that the environment shapes behavior and that pickings internal mental states into conside hoboion is inconstant in explaining behaviour.Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist observe the classical condition in the 1920s. Greco-Roman teach focuses on the learning of spontaneous emotional or physiological responses. In his laboratory, Pavlov was in a dead leftover by his experiments to determine how long it took a clink to secrete digestive juices afterward(prenominal) it had been supply, but the intervals of time kept changing. At first, the dogs salivated in the expected manner darn they were being feed. Then the dogs began to salivate as soon as they saw the food. Fin exclusivelyy, they salivated as soon as they saw the scientists levy the room. Pavlov decided to make a divert from hi s original experiments and examine these unexpected interferences in his work.In one of his experiments, Pavlov began by seem a set fork and record a dogs response. there was no salivation. At this point, the sound of the tuning fork was a neutral input because it brought forth no salivation. Then Pavlov fed the dog. The response was salivation. The food was an categorical stimulus (US) because no prior training or learn was establish the natural connection. The salivation was an un conditioned response (UR) because it occurred automatically-no conditioning required.Using the food, the salivation, a tuning fork, Pavlov demonstrated that a dog could be conditioned to salivate after consultation the tuning fork. At the starting signal of the experiment, Pavlov sounded the fork and then quickly fed the dog. After he repeated this some(prenominal) times, the dog began to salivate after hearing the sound but before receiving the food. at present the sound has become a conditi oned stimulus (CS) which bring forth salivation by itself. The response of salivating after the tone was direct a conditions response (CR).In my opinion, this ashes can be very service up to(p) for people to train their pets. These techniques also efficacious in the treatment of phobias or anxiety problems. Teachers can apply classical conditioning in the class to familiarize students with saucy environments and help students overcome their anxiety.John B. Watson hike extended Pavlovs work and utilise it to human being. In 1921, Watson started the Little Albert experiment. The finishing was to condition Albert to become afraid of a white rat by yoke it with a very loud fray (UCS). At first, Albert showed no sign of caution when he was presented with rats, but once the rat was repeatedly paired with the loud mental dis suppose (UCS),Albert developed a fear of rats. It could be said that the loud noise (UCS) induce fear (UCR).In my opinion, Watsons theory of classical co nditioning can be use to create a phobia. I call that this method can be applied to trigger feelings of fear toward something painful or dangerous in order to avoid something bad from happening. It can be used in a classroom to teach students what is bad and can non do.Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs by dint of rewards and punishments for behaviour. Through operant conditioning, an association is make between a behaviour and a consequence for that behaviour. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviourist B.P.Skinner. He believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behaviour. Instead, he suggested that we should look only at the external, patent causes of human behaviour. Skinners system is based on operant conditioning. oneness of the key concepts in operant conditioning is reinforcement. Reinforcement is any event that strengthens or increase the behaviour it follows. There be two strains of reinforcers positive reinf orcers and negative reinforcers. lordly reinforcers argon favourable events or outcomes that are presented after the behaviour. Negative reinforcers involve the remotion of an unfavourable events or outcomes after the reveal of a behaviour. In both of these cases of reinforcement, the behaviour increases.This operant conditioning work all around us in commonplace life. Children terminate a task to foreshorten a reward from parent or teachers or even employees try rocky to finish a project are examples of operant condition. In my point of view, these kind of activities are useful for they give grateful results and make the individuals work hard when completing something. Some ill-behaviour also can be removed if it brings bad effect to the individual. Thus, operant behaviour will be heighten and unpleasant stimulus will be removed.In a nutshell, I think all of this learning theories inspired by Pavlov, Watson and Skinner are essential in introducing the first learning theori es of education. Scientists are able to produce a variety of revolutionary learning theories based on their experiments. They are the pioneers in creating the initial theories of education and a source of reference to those involved in education.